An experimental study of dependence of the AISI 304 steel surface layer microhardness after nanostructuring burnishing on the technological process parameters was carried out and the optimal combination of values of normal force, feed and the number of tool passes was determined. The experiment was planned to apply the method of Taguchi's L9 typical orthogonal array, which made it possible to rank the loading parameters according to the degree of their influence on the output characteristic of the process and to establish that the maximum contribution to the formation of the surface layer microhardness is made by the number of tool passes. © 2023 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.