The ecological problem is particularly acute for emerging markets due to the lack of attention to environmental protection against the background of ensuring stable high rates of economic growth. Climate change in Russia is significantly higher than the world average. The paper is an attempt to determine the economic losses of the regions of Russia from the mortality of the population at working age of 82 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The data was collected from Russian cities with a population of over 50,000 people. Climate change refers to air temperature fluctuations in extreme ranges (colder than –30°C and hotter than +25°C) from 1997 to 2017. The data on mortality was collected by groups of patients most sensitive to sharp climate fluctuations: cardiovascular diseases, coronary heart disease, and respiratory diseases. There are regions where there is a statistically steady increase in the number of days with extreme temperatures per year in the last 20 years of meteorological observations. Copyright © 2022 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.