The book is devoted to problems of information technologies (description and processing signals, especially ones corrupted by noises and disturbances) and to problems of telecommunications and production of advanced equipment in radio-electronics developed at the Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia. It describes the contemporary state of the art and the development of methods for solving problems of signal processing and building equipment for practical solutions. The volume is mainly a collection of ideas, techniques and results in the field of video information technologies and various related applications of numerical methods. It comprises 18 chapters grouped under four main topics: image processing and computer vision, signal processing and navigation, simulation of some practical processes and computations for antennas, and applications of microwaves. The research described in this volume is addressed to a wide audience of scientists, engineers and mathematicians involved in the above mentioned four scientific topics. Pairs all topics presented with practical problems in the mentioned areas; Describes in detail the formulations of the problems; Gives recommendations for solving problems through building computational algorithms; Presents best practices for production of the corresponding engineering equipment.