The article aims to investigate the trajectories concerning the definition of political Islam and its relation to Syria’s political history and current crisis. To this end, one of the most prominent actors of political Islam, the Muslim Brotherhood (terrorist organization banned in Russia), is discussed. That is why the research deals with the Muslim Brotherhood (terrorist organization banned in Russia)’s ideology and creed. The conceptions and notions of the Muslim Brotherhood (terrorist organization banned in Russia) in parallel to the notions of socialist secularism in Syria are examined. Consequently, further examination is applied to the crisis of Syria. The authors of the article scrutinise the case of Syria since the Independence until the present time, demonstrating the internal and external dimensions of power struggle, with providing further notes concerning the prospects of Syria’s political future and political Islam. However, looking at the undone crisis of Syria, in which the political frame is still vague and unclear, the article focuses on the issue of political Islam that is presented by the Muslim Brotherhood (terrorist organization banned in Russia). The historical existence of the Muslim Brotherhood (terrorist organization banned in Russia) in Syria, its status and its role in the ongoing conflict are analysed. We shall see if the conceptions and notions of the Muslim Brotherhood (terrorist organization banned in Russia) can be an adequate substitute for the current form of governance in Syria.