Serpentine outcrops in the Middle Urals, Russia, supported 113 species of lichens. These rocks had a more diverse lichen flora and lower specificity (only 9 species) than other rocks types of the region. Pyroxenite's lichen flora was the most similar to that of serpentine. Rocky outcrops along different rivers varied in species richness, the highest being at the southernmost site (River Iset; 81 species) and the lowest at the northernmost site (River Neiva; 57 species).