Eight vole species from the genus Allophaiomys were identified from the South Urals. The main morphotype groups of the first lower and third upper molars were distinguished. These groups can be serve as a basis of studying initial evolutionary stages of the present Microtus voles from this region. The new species, Allophaiomys riphaeus sp. nov. and the subspecies Allophaiomys laguroides baturiensis ssp. nov. were described. Both forms are characterized by small size and enamel differentiation of microtus type. Development of the M-1 anteroconid in A. riphaeus follows the oeconomus type. The subspecies A. laguroides baturiensis is similar to the species A. laguroides described earlier in M-1 structure, but differs in M-3 structure.