This article deals with the emergence of atheist identity and its classification as implicit and explicit atheism. Implicit atheism manifests itself in the absence of theistic faith without consciously rejecting it, whereas overt atheism is a conscious rejection of all theistic beliefs. The author notes that the social and political impact of atheism on Western society in our days largely go unnoticed and gives rise to various disputes. Atheism in modern Western societies is still stigmatized, and many non-believers are still hesitant to confess their atheism. Instead of the term "atheism" people prefer to use concepts "agnostic" or "non-religious". However, all those who do not believe in God are actually atheists, implicit or explicit. Despite the political, cultural and social context, gender also plays an important role in building identity, for example, men tend to be less religious than women. Existing research shows that the role of gender in religious views is due to normative genetic roles in society. This article seeks to examine socio-political thoughts on atheism in contemporary western societies as well as the concept of atheism in social identity construction in these societies. The author concludes that the meaning of life is closely associated with the existence of God, and so are the concepts of humanity, life and death.