The functions performed by refractory and heat-insulating materials in the industrial power engineering for the lining of thermal power units are discussed. The heat conductivity of a refractory material is controlled by the composition and pressure of the medium in the furnace. Measures were taken to maintain temperature in the furnace space to prevent the refractory lining from failures, because if the lining is allowed to cool, it may suffer from various damage and may become unfit for use. The problem could be resolved by developing innovative designs for refractory linings based on the latest achievements made in the technology and service of refractory materials