Can Africa Serve Europe with Hydrogen Energy from Its Renewables?—Assessing the Economics of Shipping Hydrogen and Hydrogen Carriers to Europe from Different Parts of the Continent

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Can Africa Serve Europe with Hydrogen Energy from Its Renewables?—Assessing the Economics of Shipping Hydrogen and Hydrogen Carriers to Europe from Different Parts of the Continent. / Agyekum, Ephraim bonah; Ampah, Jeffrey Dankwa; Uhunamure, Solomon Eghosa et al.
In: Sustainability, Vol. 15, No. 8, 6509, 2023.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

BibTeX

@article{2245a0e5a12a4c9b89b2c4c9d33766df,

title = "Can Africa Serve Europe with Hydrogen Energy from Its Renewables?—Assessing the Economics of Shipping Hydrogen and Hydrogen Carriers to Europe from Different Parts of the Continent",

abstract = "There exists no single optimal way for transporting hydrogen and other hydrogen carriers from one port to the other globally. Its delivery depends on several factors such as the quantity, distance, economics, and the availability of the required infrastructure for its transportation. Europe has a strategy to invest in the production of green hydrogen in Africa to meet its needs. This study assessed the economic viability of shipping liquefied hydrogen (LH2) and hydrogen carriers to Germany from six African countries that have been identified as countries with great potential in the production of hydrogen. The results obtained suggest that the shipping of LH2 to Europe (Germany) will cost between 0.47 and 1.55 USD/kg H2 depending on the distance of travel for the ship. Similarly, the transportation of hydrogen carriers could range from 0.19 to 0.55 USD/kg H2 for ammonia, 0.25 to 0.77 USD/kg H2 for LNG, 0.24 to 0.73 USD/kg H2 for methanol, and 0.43 to 1.28 USD/kg H2 for liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs). Ammonia was found to be the ideal hydrogen carrier since it recorded the least transportation cost. A sensitivity analysis conducted indicates that an increase in the economic life by 5 years could averagely decrease the cost of LNG by some 13.9%, NH3 by 13.2%, methanol by 7.9%, LOHC by 8.03%, and LH2 by 12.41% under a constant distance of 6470 nautical miles. The study concludes with a suggestion that if both foreign and local participation in the development of the hydrogen market is increased in Africa, the continent could supply LH2 and other hydrogen carriers to Europe at a cheaper price using clean fuel. {\textcopyright} 2023 by the authors.",

author = "Agyekum, {Ephraim bonah} and Ampah, {Jeffrey Dankwa} and Uhunamure, {Solomon Eghosa} and Karabo Shale and Onyenegecha, {Ifeoma Prisca} and Velkin, {Vladimir ivanovich}",

note = "The research funding was from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Tolerant Efficient Energy Based on Renewable Energy Sources) grant number: N 975.42. Young Scientist laboratory 323/22. The Postdoctoral Research Grant Directorate of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology of South Africa is also acknowledged.",

year = "2023",

doi = "10.3390/su15086509",

language = "English",

volume = "15",

journal = "Sustainability",

issn = "2071-1050",

publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",

number = "8",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Can Africa Serve Europe with Hydrogen Energy from Its Renewables?—Assessing the Economics of Shipping Hydrogen and Hydrogen Carriers to Europe from Different Parts of the Continent

AU - Agyekum, Ephraim bonah

AU - Ampah, Jeffrey Dankwa

AU - Uhunamure, Solomon Eghosa

AU - Shale, Karabo

AU - Onyenegecha, Ifeoma Prisca

AU - Velkin, Vladimir ivanovich

N1 - The research funding was from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Tolerant Efficient Energy Based on Renewable Energy Sources) grant number: N 975.42. Young Scientist laboratory 323/22. The Postdoctoral Research Grant Directorate of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology of South Africa is also acknowledged.

PY - 2023

Y1 - 2023

N2 - There exists no single optimal way for transporting hydrogen and other hydrogen carriers from one port to the other globally. Its delivery depends on several factors such as the quantity, distance, economics, and the availability of the required infrastructure for its transportation. Europe has a strategy to invest in the production of green hydrogen in Africa to meet its needs. This study assessed the economic viability of shipping liquefied hydrogen (LH2) and hydrogen carriers to Germany from six African countries that have been identified as countries with great potential in the production of hydrogen. The results obtained suggest that the shipping of LH2 to Europe (Germany) will cost between 0.47 and 1.55 USD/kg H2 depending on the distance of travel for the ship. Similarly, the transportation of hydrogen carriers could range from 0.19 to 0.55 USD/kg H2 for ammonia, 0.25 to 0.77 USD/kg H2 for LNG, 0.24 to 0.73 USD/kg H2 for methanol, and 0.43 to 1.28 USD/kg H2 for liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs). Ammonia was found to be the ideal hydrogen carrier since it recorded the least transportation cost. A sensitivity analysis conducted indicates that an increase in the economic life by 5 years could averagely decrease the cost of LNG by some 13.9%, NH3 by 13.2%, methanol by 7.9%, LOHC by 8.03%, and LH2 by 12.41% under a constant distance of 6470 nautical miles. The study concludes with a suggestion that if both foreign and local participation in the development of the hydrogen market is increased in Africa, the continent could supply LH2 and other hydrogen carriers to Europe at a cheaper price using clean fuel. © 2023 by the authors.

AB - There exists no single optimal way for transporting hydrogen and other hydrogen carriers from one port to the other globally. Its delivery depends on several factors such as the quantity, distance, economics, and the availability of the required infrastructure for its transportation. Europe has a strategy to invest in the production of green hydrogen in Africa to meet its needs. This study assessed the economic viability of shipping liquefied hydrogen (LH2) and hydrogen carriers to Germany from six African countries that have been identified as countries with great potential in the production of hydrogen. The results obtained suggest that the shipping of LH2 to Europe (Germany) will cost between 0.47 and 1.55 USD/kg H2 depending on the distance of travel for the ship. Similarly, the transportation of hydrogen carriers could range from 0.19 to 0.55 USD/kg H2 for ammonia, 0.25 to 0.77 USD/kg H2 for LNG, 0.24 to 0.73 USD/kg H2 for methanol, and 0.43 to 1.28 USD/kg H2 for liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs). Ammonia was found to be the ideal hydrogen carrier since it recorded the least transportation cost. A sensitivity analysis conducted indicates that an increase in the economic life by 5 years could averagely decrease the cost of LNG by some 13.9%, NH3 by 13.2%, methanol by 7.9%, LOHC by 8.03%, and LH2 by 12.41% under a constant distance of 6470 nautical miles. The study concludes with a suggestion that if both foreign and local participation in the development of the hydrogen market is increased in Africa, the continent could supply LH2 and other hydrogen carriers to Europe at a cheaper price using clean fuel. © 2023 by the authors.

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U2 - 10.3390/su15086509

DO - 10.3390/su15086509

M3 - Article

VL - 15

JO - Sustainability

JF - Sustainability

SN - 2071-1050

IS - 8

M1 - 6509

ER -

ID: 38490657