Despite the implementation of screening programs, cervical cancer still remains an important medical, social and economic problem not only in Russia, but also in the world. Diagnostic problems currently include the low sensitivity of the cytological method. Testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA using molecular research methods can increase the sensitivity of screening in identifying severe pathology, but these methods have low specificity. In recent years, immunocytochemical double staining of p16/Ki-67 has been considered as a biomarker in the detection of neoplasia with high rates of sensitivity and specificity. The review analyzes and summarizes the results of studies examining the effectiveness of the immucytochemical p16/Ki-67 method in the diagnosis of intraepithelial lesions in comparison with the cytological method and HPV testing. The results showed that p16/Ki-67 can be used as a metod for risk stratification of HPV-positive patients and patients with low-grade lesions, as well as an additional method for differential diagnosis of the severity of cervical lesions during cytological examination.