The article examines the current problems in Russia in the field of higher education associated with the legal regulation of labor relations of teachers and the protection of their labor rights by state law enforcement agencies. It is noted that in the labor market, teachers are one of the most vulnerable categories, since the conclusion of an employment contract with them in universities is preceded by a competition to fill the relevant position. Prosecutors and investigators prefer not to establish facts of discrimination on the part of employers and not to prosecute the guilty officials, which leads to distrust of university teachers in the judicial system, state law enforcement agencies and a decrease in their authority.