The article deals with the basic determinants of the complex application of compulsory and voluntary medical insurance in Russia. Based on the analysis, the influence of the economic development trends of the country, the specific features of the health care sector, the demographic indicators and the legal status of medical insurance and insurance medical organizations at the present time on the possibility of integrated application of forms of medical insurance is justified. The authors constructed a system of the identified determinants, considered the problems and prospects for development.