The article deals with the results of experimental study of how gas exchange processes are influenced by aerodynamic resistance of intake and exhaust systems piston engines. The experimental investigations were carried out on full-sized model of one-cylinder combustion engine. The experimental unit and research methods are described. The article presents dependence of change of instantaneous velocity and flow pressure in the gas-air channels of engine on the cranked shaft rotation angle. Data were obtained at different resistance coefficients of intake and exhaust systems and different crankshaft rotation frequencies. Based on the findings, conclusions on the dynamic features of the gas exchange processes in the engine under different conditions were drawn. It is shown that the application of noise suppressor smoothes flow fluctuations and changes air consumption characteristics.