The presented study reveals the normative and doctrinal characteristics of the rights of military personnel as a special category of civil servants in the Russian Federation at the present stage of state construction. The views of modern public law researchers on the content of the category “military rights”, their types and classifications are summarized. The author's classification of the rights of military personnel in the Russian Federation is given, divided into general and special rights. In conclusion, it is noted that currently the mechanism for legal regulation of these rights of military personnel contains certain defects (for example, related to ensuring the principle of fairness in the payment of military personnel, in the assignment of long-service pensions, in the implementation of the right to housing, etc.).