The article deals with the foreign policy of Iran and Russia in the Central Asian region. The paper analyzes the common points of contact and contradictions between Tehran and Moscow in the course of implementing projects in such areas as transport and communications, energy and regional security. Particular attention is paid to building bilateral relations between the two powers - Russia and Iran with the states of Central Asia. In recent decades, the Central Asian region has become the epicenter of attention and attracts great interest from the leading world and regional powers. The states of Central Asia have their interests from the rivalry between Iran and Russia in this region. With the help of the “multi-vector policy” pursued, the Central Asian countries level out between the powers and welcome regional projects both on the one hand (Iran) and on the other (Russia). To date, it is the sanctions of the Western world that have served as a driver for the rapid rapprochement and unification of efforts between Tehran and Moscow to break out of international isolation and use all kinds of mechanisms for parallel imports of goods and services. With a possible scenario of creating a political tandem between Moscow and Tehran, it is possible that the West's current sanctions policy against Russia will be incapacitated and will fail.