The purpose of the study was to study the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the etiopathogenesis of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and it significance for survival and treatment. Material and Methods. The relevant sources were searched and analyzed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library and e-Library systems from 2000 to 2021. Results. True estimation of the DNA HPV and his prognostic role in vulvar cancer has not been fully understood yet and still debatable. The inconsistent results may be due to the low frequency of the tumor and, in connection with this, the small sample of patients for the study as well as the limited geography of the study. Conclusion. Further study of HPV infection as a biomarker for predicting the course of the disease is of great interest, since the HPV status can be used to select treatment tactics as well as to monitor patients.