Energy is one of the sectors of the global economy that is least attractive for small technological enterprises, due to tough barriers to entry the market, a long period of return on investment, and a high degree of control by regulators. However, the processes of energy liberalization, the mass introduction of digital information and telecommunication technologies, and the energy transition expand the opportunities for the development of industrial technological entrepreneurship. The object of the study is the energy industry at the stage of active technological modernization, and the subject is the mechanisms for the implementation of technological entrepreneurship in the energy sector in order to create and implement breakthrough solutions. The purpose of the study is to propose theoretical principles and substantiate a conceptual model of technological entrepreneurship in the energy sector as a tool for innovative development of this critical infrastructure. Classical general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, classification were used to improve the necessary conceptual apparatus. Technological entrepreneurship models are built using conceptual design and visual analytics methods. The systematization of barriers impeding the development of technological entrepreneurship in the energy sector and identified on the basis of the analysis of scientific literature, along with a survey of experts of energy enterprises, typical forms of technological entrepreneurship and resource interaction schemes in the implementation of breakthrough projects between energy enterprises, consumers of new products and services, universities, developers, investors is presented as the result of the study. The proposed recommendations can be used by energy companies in the creation of corporate mechanisms of technological entrepreneurship, as well as by government agencies and universities in the development of industry innovation infrastructure.