BACKGROUND: Risk factors for stroke have extensively been studied. In contrast, factors associated with transient ischemic attack (TIA) have been rarely investigated and it was shown the difference in their prevalence in patients with TIA and stroke. The aim of the present study was to evaluate prevalence of factors associated with TIA and their significance. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted between September 2013 and May 2016 at one hospital in Yekaterinburg - Medical union “New Hospital”. This study included 120 patients with TIA (mean age 56.1), among them 55 males (mean age 56.5), 65 females (mean age 55.7). Eligible patients had focal brain or retinal ischemia with resolution of symptoms within 24 hours without presence of new infarction on magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion weighted imaging (n=112) or computed tomography (n=8). As a controls we used 192 patients (mean age 58.7), among them 69 males (mean age 56.5) and 123 females (mean age 59.9). They admitted at the same hospital because of other disorders (gastroenterological disorders, osteochondrosis) and did not have any strokes and TIA. Semi-structured interview of both groups was conducted by experienced neurologist after admission. Multiple regression analysis was preformed to identify significant factors which were associated with TIA. Results: The following 7 factors were associated with TIA: arterial hypertension (odd ration (OR) 3,96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1,85-8,50), atrial fibrillation (OR 2.77, 95% CI 0.84-9.12), migraine (OR 2.19,95% CI 0.94-5.11), ischemic heart disease (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.15-7.84), low physical activity (OR 3.99, 95% CI 2.08-7.64), hyperholesterinemia (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.29-4.54), family history of stroke (OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.38-4.73). Such known risk factors for stroke as diabetes mellitus, high alcohol consumption, smoking and increase body mass index > 25 were not significant in patients with TIA. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study showed the presence of significant associations with known risk factors for stroke, and also revealed some less studied factors in patients with TIA, such as migraine, ischemic heart disease, and a family history of stroke. Further studies are needed to determine their role in young and elderly people with TIA.