This article is devoted to the study of financial and credit instruments of state support for small businesses. Formulating the provisions that can justify the relevance of the presented study, it is worth noting that the structural changes in the support of small business by the state, as well as the systematic development of modern market relations need to develop and further apply fundamentally new approaches and methods to the financing of this sector. The problem of financing small businesses in Russia has always been a key issue. Moreover, this topic becomes particularly relevant in periods of significant economic changes of a negative nature, as well as in a certain period after the end of the crisis. The diversity and importance of theoretical and practical aspects of the system of state support for small businesses require the deepening of fundamental and applied research of the formation of the necessary financial and credit instruments to Finance the current activities of the state economy, as well as each individual subject of the business environment. The purpose of the present study can be defined as a comprehensive analysis of state assistance to small businesses by financial and credit instruments. The subject of the study is the economic relations arising in the process of state support of small businesses through financial and credit mechanisms. The main research methods that were used to write this study are the basic techniques of empirical and theoretical knowledge of how the functioning of small business support from the state on the territory of the Russian Federation. In conclusion, the problems and prospects of successful development of small business in Russia are presented. It is also worth emphasizing that the information base of the presented study is characterized as representative, which gives reason to believe that there is a sufficient basis for the formation of the most extensive picture of support for small businesses by the state and its evaluation.