The research considers the development of Orthodox identity through the concepts of internalization and socialization of the personality in the context of globalization of the Russian society. The study describes Orthodox identity as a result of the socialization of the personality in the institutional environment. Based on the empirical materials collected during the qualitative social research, the author analyzes the periods of religious socialization of the individual in the religious institution and the role of agents of religious socialization when developing the Orthodox identity. The paper notes that Orthodox identity is created by the inclusion of a person in the system of denominational relations, perception, and internal assimilation of religious doctrines, values, and standards. The author concludes that Orthodox identity has internal (cognitive, value, emotional) and external (behavioral, communicative, status and role) components