Te article describes the influence of various types of energy on the ecology and on the quality life of the population. Also describes negative trends from the activities of traditional energy companies (coal, gas, oil industries). The main trends are: air pollution, soil pollution and pollution of water resources. Also in article it is written about influencing advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy on the society. A review of the research on the problem of the attitude of society to nuclear energy is presented, and the results of studies of modern scientists are compared. The reasons for the ambiguous attitude of society to everything connected with nuclear technologies are given. Also, economic indicators of different types of energy (traditional, nuclear and alternative) were compared. Describes the indicators of the quality life, most relevant for population living in the nuclear - risks territory.