The article focuses on three interrelated aspects of the problematisation of historical responsibility: relating to the past, identifying the subjects of history, selecting the witnessing and testimony. Each of these aspects describes the specific ways of constructing the relations towards the past and/or the future from within the community and between communities. The dissimilarity and asynchrony of the interplay with the past are depicted. The main approaches to identifying the subjects of history are elucidated and the main factors that constitute the collective subjectification are described. The ways witnessing and testimony affect the determination of the subject of historical responsibility and constructing of the image of the past are demonstrated.