The monograph examines the problems of sustainable development and energy efficiency using the scientific and methodological approach proposed by the authors for the development of regional fuel and energy programs based on the KhMAO, the Sverdlovsk region, and the oil and gas production enterprise JSC Yuganskneftegaz, and presents the results of the environmental and economic assessment. This approach allows us to evaluate and select the most effective investment project for the utilization of associated petroleum gas from the point of view of energy, environmental and climate security on comparable indicators (tons, rubles). The authors proposed to distinguish from more than 200 UN indicators four basic indicators: the change in the green area (country, region, city, household) for the year; the level of energy efficiency; the amount of pollutants released per year; the annual amount of greenhouse gas emissions. It is proposed to consider the possibility of using the" energy " ruble of S. A. Podolinsky (kW / h) as a possible world reserve currency. Taking into account the unique experience of the region's participation in various projects of sustainable development, energy-efficient and low-carbon economy, it is proposed to create a market for waste and greenhouse gas emissions on the basis of the trade exchange of the Sverdlovsk region as a pilot platform for the implementation of the green economy. The history of the term "green economy", the essence of this concept is considered; the results of the application of green economy in different countries are shown. The international experience of green solutions and technologies is analyzed, the psychological aspects of the transition to a green economy are studied. For all those interested in the environmental development of the economy.